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Not Even Past

Mapping Indigenous Los Angeles: A Public History Project

By Caroline Murray

Los Angeles is a city famous for its Hollywood celebrities and traffic, but a new project reveals an often overlooked part of the city’s past and present: its indigenous population, cited as one of the largest among American cities. Mapping Indigenous LA (MILA) brings to life the histories and current dilemmas of LA’s indigenous people in the twenty-first century, instead of leaving them behind in the past.

MILA combats the perception that these communities have disappeared over decades of assimilation and urban growth and exist only in a colonial context. The project disrupts the traditional, chronological narrative of history with its growing number of story maps, each featuring a place or issue of significance for LA’s indigenous groups. The maps contain videos, documents, book recommendations, and other archives that record native histories to give new meaning to locations in LA.

mapofindianresources

Map of Indian Resources (via MILA).

As MILA digs deeper, beyond the traditional idea of a map, it also works to expand the meaning of indigeneity by including stories not only from the native Tongva, but also other American Indians, Pacific Islanders, and citizens of Latin American indigenous diasporas who migrated to LA. You can explore the native village and springs of Kuruvungna, read about Latin American indigenous festivals, and listen to Tongva Elders reflect on their people’s displacement. You can view modern locations of Indian healthcare and education resources in LA, which many indigenous people struggle to find. MILA doesn’t allow its maps to provide only one definition or narrative; instead, they offer intricate, multifaceted histories that reflect the diversity of LA’s indigenous communities.

tongva_sacred_springs_-_serra_springs_-_kuruvungna_springs

Historic landmark sign marking the location of Serra Springs, called Kuruvungna by the native Gabrieleno Tongva people. The springs were a natural fresh water source for the Tongva people (via Wikimedia Commons).

The American Indian Education story map perhaps best demonstrates all of MILA’s goals. Multiple perspectives color the stories and share different sides of indigenous communities’ complex relationship with American education systems. The pain inflicted by Indian schools, the worry over the loss of native languages, and the hope new cultural programs are bringing to LA can all be felt while exploring the map.

Tongva House (via author).

The maps not only create awareness among non-indigenous people; they almost more importantly provide a digital network for indigenous groups to learn from and relate to each other in ways they might not have before. MILA wishes to add more maps and encourages people to create their own to foster connection between different communities. While the subjects and perspectives in the maps vary, they all communicate a common message from indigenous groups in LA: We are here, and we will be heard.
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You may also like:
Cameron McCoy recommends L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present by Josh Sides (2003).
Erika Bsumek explores several titles related to Navajo Arts and the History of the U.S. West.
Nakia Paker reviews Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South, by Barbara Krauthamer (2013).
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More to Read on Urban Slavery

Recommended by Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie Harris

wade slaverycities berlin harris rockman

Richard Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1800-1860. (1967).
This book remains the best one-volume account of urban slavery in the antebellum South. It combines overall trends in urban slavery with detailed accounts of the populations, laws, and economic roles of individual cities. The place to start with investigations of urban slavery in the U.S. South.

Claudia Dale Goldin, Urban Slavery in the American South, 1820-1860: A Quantitative History. (1976).
This comprehensive study of urban slavery argues that the demand for urban slaves increased rather than declined in the 1850s. The author challenges scholars such as Richard Wade by relying on quantitative and traditional sources such as census and probate records.

Ira Berlin and Leslie M. Harris, eds. Slavery in New York.  (2005).
This edited collection accompanied the ground-breaking New-York historical society exhibition of the same name.  Leading scholars of New York, slavery and African American history provide a wealth of information on how slavery in New York from 1626 to 1827, and southern slavery after New York ended slavery in 1827, influenced the economy, politics and society of one of the nation’s leading cities.

Jorge Canizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs and James Sidbury, eds., The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade.  (2013).
The essays in this book examine non-U.S. cities and their centrality to the slave trade and slave economies, including locations in Africa, South America Portugal, and the Caribbean.

Seth Rockman, Scraping by: Wage Labor, Slavery and Survival in Early Baltimore. (2009).
By examining the relationship of enslaved and free laborers in the political economy of Baltimore, Rockman challenges us to understand the role of slavery as part of, not distinct from, early capitalist formations.  Compelling individual stories of laborers carry the broader arguments about the meaning of labor in one of the most important cities in the antebellum U.S.

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